Name: The Moscow Kremlin
Address: Moscow, Russia, 103132
Telephone: 8 (495) 697-03-49
Rating: 4.7

Immense, fortified compound of churches & palaces, with museums of Russian state regalia & art.

All-Russian Exhibition Center

Provided by Google

Gorky Central Park of Culture and Leisure

Moscow Zoo

Sokolniki Park

In 2014, Moscow welcomed a record-breaking 16.5 million visitors, with the Kremlin being the top attraction.

Tourist Attraction

The Kremlin boasts a total of 20 towers, each with a unique name except for two, known as 'the first unnamed' and 'the second unnamed'.

Tower Count

The Troitskaya tower stands tall at 80 feet, making it the tallest of the Kremlin's towers.

Tallest Tower

The Spasskaya tower, known for its clock, is the most recognizable tower of the Kremlin.

Most Recognizable Tower

The Kremlin was originally constructed from wood, showcasing its evolution from a simple fortress to the grand structure we see today.

Original Material

The Kremlin was once a city in itself, surrounded by ramparts, towers, and battlements, highlighting its historical significance.

Past Function

During World War II, the Kremlin was cleverly disguised as housing by being painted and decorated with fake windows and doors, protecting it from significant damage.

WWII Protection

The Moscow Kremlin

The Moscow Kremlin, a fortified complex in the heart of Moscow, is a symbol of Russian power and authority. Its iconic red brick walls and 20 towers, built in the late 15th century, enclose an architectural ensemble of unparalleled beauty.

Within the Kremlin walls, Cathedral Square is home to three magnificent cathedrals: the Cathedral of the Assumption, the Cathedral of the Annunciation, and the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael. These churches, adorned with golden domes and intricate frescoes, were the center of religious life in medieval Russia.

The Ivan the Great Bell Tower, a soaring white structure, dominates the square. At 81 meters high, it was once the tallest building in Moscow and housed a collection of 21 bells that rang out to warn of approaching enemies.

The Kremlin also boasts several palaces, including the Grand Kremlin Palace, the largest in the complex. Built in the 19th century, it served as the residence of the tsars and now houses the offices of the Russian president. The Terem Palace, with its colorful interiors and tiered structure, was the home of the royal family in the 16th and 17th centuries.

The Armoury, a museum within the Kremlin, displays a vast collection of imperial treasures, including the Russian state regalia and the Diamond Fund. The haloalkaliphilic methylotrophic bacterium Methylophaga muralis was first isolated from deteriorating marble in the Kremlin, adding a touch of scientific intrigue to its rich history.

Introduction

The Moscow Kremlin, an architectural marvel and the heart of Russian power, stands as a testament to its military prowess. Its formidable walls, reaching heights of 19 meters and a thickness of 6.5 meters, have withstood countless sieges and invasions. The Kremlin's 20 towers, each with its unique design and purpose, served as defensive bastions, providing archers and artillerymen with vantage points to repel attackers. Among these towers, the Kutafya Tower, with its squat appearance and water-filled moat, protected the vulnerable entrance to the Trinity Tower. The Kremlin's secret passages and underground tunnels allowed for covert movement of troops and supplies, enhancing its defensive capabilities. The Kremlin's military significance extended beyond its physical fortifications. It housed the Grand Kremlin Palace, the residence of the Russian tsars, and the Arsenal, which stored vast quantities of weapons and ammunition. The Kremlin's strategic location on the Moskva River provided a natural moat, further bolstering its defenses. Throughout history, the Moscow Kremlin has played a pivotal role in shaping Russia's military history, serving as a symbol of its strength and resilience.

Military Fortress

The Grand Kremlin Palace, a majestic edifice within the Moscow Kremlin, stands as a testament to Russian autocracy and architectural grandeur. Designed by Konstantin Thon, it was intended to reflect the might of the Russian Empire. The palace boasts an impressive facade, adorned with intricate carvings and white-stone bas-reliefs, echoing the grandeur of the Terem Palace. Its interiors are equally opulent, featuring a grand staircase of 66 steps, leading to a vestibule adorned with polished granite columns. The palace's ceremonial halls, named after Russian orders, are adorned with gold-embossed stars and insignia, paying homage to the nation's military victories. The Hall of the Order of St. George, the largest of these halls, is particularly noteworthy for its semi-cylindrical coffered ceiling and marble plaques honoring regiments and individuals who received the prestigious St. George Colors. Today, the Grand Kremlin Palace serves as the official residence of the Russian president, hosting official events and ceremonies, including the inauguration of the President of Russia. Its grandeur and historical significance make it a captivating destination for those seeking to delve into the heart of Russian history and architecture.

Grand Kremlin Palace

The Moscow Kremlin, a fortified complex in the heart of Moscow, has served as a religious center for centuries. Within its walls lie some of Russia's most significant cathedrals, each with its own unique history and architectural splendor. The Cathedral of the Assumption, built in the 15th century, is the oldest and most revered of the Kremlin's cathedrals. Its golden domes and elegant arches symbolize the power and prestige of the Russian Orthodox Church. The Cathedral of the Annunciation, adorned with intricate frescoes and icons, was once the private chapel of the tsars. The Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, with its soaring bell tower, is the burial place of many of Russia's rulers. These cathedrals, along with the smaller Church of the Deposition of the Robe and the Church of the Twelve Apostles, form a sacred ensemble that has witnessed countless religious ceremonies, coronations, and burials. The Kremlin's religious significance extends beyond its cathedrals. The Chudov Monastery, founded in the 14th century, was a major center of learning and piety. The Ascension Convent, established by the widow of Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoi, played a vital role in the spiritual life of Moscow's elite. Today, the Kremlin's cathedrals and monasteries continue to attract pilgrims and visitors from around the world, offering a glimpse into the rich religious heritage of Russia.

Religious Center

The Moscow Kremlin, a fortified complex in the heart of Moscow, stands as a testament to architectural brilliance. Its iconic walls, adorned with 20 majestic towers, enclose a treasure trove of architectural wonders. The Grand Kremlin Palace, a sprawling masterpiece, boasts opulent halls and intricate facades. The Cathedral of the Dormition, with its soaring domes and exquisite frescoes, is a testament to Russian Orthodox artistry. The Church of the Archangel, with its intricate iconostasis and royal tombs, offers a glimpse into the spiritual and political history of Russia.

Beyond these iconic structures, the Kremlin's architectural marvels extend to its lesser-known gems. The Teremnoi Palace, a labyrinth of chambers and towers, showcases traditional Russian architecture. The Arsenal, a former weapons repository, now houses a vast collection of historical artifacts. The Senate Building, a neoclassical masterpiece, reflects the Kremlin's role as the seat of Russian power.

Each architectural marvel within the Kremlin tells a unique story, reflecting the diverse influences that have shaped Moscow's history. From the Italian Renaissance to traditional Russian motifs, the Kremlin's architectural tapestry is a testament to the enduring legacy of human creativity.

Architectural Marvel

The Moscow Kremlin's Cathedral Ensemble, a magnificent architectural masterpiece, stands as a testament to the spiritual and artistic legacy of Russia. Within the Kremlin's hallowed grounds, the Cathedral of the Assumption, the Cathedral of the Archangel, and the Cathedral of the Annunciation form a sacred trio, each boasting its own unique history and architectural splendor.

The Cathedral of the Assumption, the heart of the ensemble, was built in the 15th century and served as the coronation church for Russian tsars. Its towering golden domes and intricate frescoes captivate visitors, while its interior houses an awe-inspiring five-tiered iconostasis adorned with priceless icons.

Adjacent to the Assumption Cathedral stands the Cathedral of the Archangel, a somber yet majestic edifice. Constructed in the 16th century, it became the final resting place for many of Russia's rulers, including Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great. Its austere interior, adorned with elaborate tombs and iconography, evokes a sense of reverence and historical significance.

Completing the trio is the Cathedral of the Annunciation, a smaller yet equally exquisite structure. Built in the 15th century, it served as the private chapel for the royal family. Its delicate frescoes and gilded domes reflect the refined artistic tastes of the era, creating an intimate and ethereal atmosphere.

Together, these cathedrals form a harmonious ensemble that embodies the spiritual and temporal power of the Russian state. Their architectural grandeur, artistic treasures, and historical significance make them a must-see destination for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of Russian culture and history.

Cathedral Ensemble

The Moscow Kremlin, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990, stands as a testament to Russia's rich history and architectural prowess. Its ensemble of palaces, cathedrals, and fortifications has evolved over centuries, reflecting the nation's cultural and political journey. The Kremlin's architectural marvels, such as the Grand Kremlin Palace, the Assumption Cathedral, and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, showcase the fusion of Russian and European architectural styles. Beyond its architectural significance, the Kremlin holds immense historical value. It served as the residence of Russian tsars and the seat of the Soviet government, witnessing pivotal events that shaped the course of Russian history. Today, it remains the official residence of the Russian President and a symbol of national pride. The Kremlin's inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage List recognizes its exceptional universal value as a cultural and historical treasure that transcends national boundaries.

UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Moscow Kremlin, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a fortified complex located in the heart of Moscow, Russia. It serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation and is a symbol of Russian power and authority. The Kremlin's architectural ensemble, dating back to the 15th century, is a captivating blend of churches, palaces, and towers, each with its own unique history and significance.

One of the most iconic structures within the Kremlin is the Cathedral Square, home to three magnificent cathedrals: the Cathedral of the Assumption, the Cathedral of the Annunciation, and the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael. These cathedrals, adorned with intricate frescoes and golden domes, were the coronation sites of Russian tsars and are considered masterpieces of Russian Orthodox architecture.

Another architectural marvel is the Grand Kremlin Palace, a former imperial residence that now houses the offices of the President. Its opulent halls and grand staircases offer a glimpse into the grandeur of the Russian monarchy. The Kremlin's towers, such as the Spasskaya Tower and the Borovitskaya Tower, are equally impressive, each with its own unique design and historical significance.

Beyond its architectural wonders, the Kremlin also boasts several museums, including the Armoury Chamber, which houses a vast collection of imperial treasures, weapons, and artifacts. Visitors can marvel at the opulent Fabergé eggs, ceremonial crowns, and historic armor that tell the story of Russia's rich past.

Exploring the Moscow Kremlin is a journey through Russian history, culture, and architecture. Its unique blend of sacred and secular spaces, combined with its rich collection of artifacts and treasures, makes it a must-visit destination for anyone seeking an in-depth understanding of Russia's heritage and its enduring legacy.

Tourist Destination

The Moscow Kremlin, an architectural marvel and a symbol of Russian power, stands as a testament to centuries of imperial rule. Its formidable red brick walls, adorned with 20 towers, have witnessed the rise and fall of dynasties, from the reign of Ivan the Great to the Soviet era. Each tower holds its own story, like the Spasskaya Tower, whose clock chimes mark the rhythm of Russian life.

Within the Kremlin's sacred grounds, the Cathedral Square is a symphony of architectural grandeur. The Cathedral of the Assumption, with its golden domes and intricate frescoes, was once the coronation site of Russian tsars. The Cathedral of the Annunciation, a masterpiece of Pskov craftsmanship, houses priceless icons. The Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel, with its soaring bell tower, serves as the final resting place of Moscow's princes and tsars.

Beyond the cathedrals, the Kremlin's palaces exude opulence and power. The Great Kremlin Palace, a sprawling complex, was once the residence of the tsars and now hosts state functions. The Hall of Facets, with its shimmering white stone facade, has witnessed countless diplomatic receptions and banquets. The Throne Room of St. Andrew, adorned with marble tablets bearing the names of valiant Russian regiments, was the setting for coronations and solemn ceremonies.

The Kremlin's symbolism extends beyond its physical presence. It represents the enduring spirit of Russian sovereignty, a beacon of authority that has weathered the storms of history. From the days of Ivan the Terrible to the modern era, the Kremlin has remained the epicenter of Russian power, a constant reminder of the nation's rich heritage and unwavering resilience.

Symbol of Power

The Moscow Kremlin, a fortified complex in the heart of Moscow, holds immense historical significance as the epicenter of Russian power and authority for centuries. Its origins trace back to the 12th century, when it served as a stronghold for the Grand Dukes of Moscow. Over time, the Kremlin evolved into a symbol of both religious and secular power, housing magnificent cathedrals and palaces that showcased the architectural prowess of its era.

The Kremlin's walls, built in the late 15th century, stand as a testament to the skill of Italian architects invited by Ivan III. Within these walls lie architectural masterpieces such as the Cathedral of the Assumption, a stunning example of Italianate-Byzantine style, and the Cathedral of the Annunciation, adorned with exquisite icons attributed to renowned Russian icon painters. The Ivan the Great Bell Tower, soaring high above the Kremlin, remains a symbol of Russian architectural achievement.

The Kremlin's historic significance extends beyond its physical structures. It served as the residence of Russian tsars and emperors, witnessing pivotal events in Russian history. The coronation ceremonies of Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great took place within its walls, solidifying the Kremlin's role as the center of Russian sovereignty. After the Russian Revolution, the Kremlin became the seat of the Soviet government, further cementing its status as a symbol of power and authority.

Today, the Moscow Kremlin stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its exceptional universal value. It continues to serve as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation, embodying the enduring legacy of Russian history and power.

Historic Significance

The Tsar Bell, a colossal monument of foundry art, resides within the hallowed grounds of the Moscow Kremlin, a testament to the grandeur and resilience of Russian craftsmanship. Cast in 1735 by Ivan Motorin and his son Mikhail, this behemoth stands as the largest bell in the world, weighing an astonishing 200 tons and boasting a height of over 20 feet. Its diameter, an equally impressive 21.6 feet, further underscores its colossal proportions.

Despite its immense size, the Tsar Bell has never tolled, its fate forever altered by a devastating fire in 1737. As the flames raged, water was poured onto the scorching metal in an attempt to prevent it from fusing, leading to the formation of 11 cracks and the loss of a significant chunk weighing over 11 tons.

For nearly a century, the damaged bell remained in the casting pit, a silent testament to the tragedy. In 1836, architect Auguste Montferrand devised a plan to raise the bell and place it on a pedestal, where it has remained ever since, a poignant reminder of both human ambition and the fragility of creation.

The Tsar Bell is adorned with intricate bas-reliefs depicting Empress Anna and Tsar Alexey, along with icons and inscriptions that narrate its tumultuous history. Its surface bears witness to the skill and artistry of the craftsmen who labored to create this masterpiece, a testament to the enduring spirit of Russian ingenuity.

Tsar Bell

The Grand Kremlin Palace, situated within the historic Moscow Kremlin, serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation. This opulent palace, steeped in centuries of Russian history, offers a glimpse into the grandeur and power of the Russian presidency.

The palace's five grand reception halls, each named after a Russian imperial order, host official state ceremonies, diplomatic receptions, and international treaty signings. The Georgievsky Hall, the largest and most ornate, is reserved for the most prestigious events.

Beyond its ceremonial functions, the palace also houses the President's private living quarters, offices, and meeting rooms. The President's office, located in the Alexander Hall, is adorned with intricate carvings and paintings, reflecting the rich artistic heritage of Russia.

The palace's security is paramount, with the Federal Guard Service of the Russian Federation responsible for its protection. Visitors are strictly limited, and access to the President's private quarters is tightly controlled.

The Grand Kremlin Palace stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of Russian power and the grandeur of the Russian presidency. Its opulent halls and secure confines provide a unique insight into the workings of the Russian government and the life of its leader.

Presidential Residence

Nestled within the historic Moscow Kremlin, the Armoury Museum stands as a treasure trove of Russian history and artistry. Founded in 1806, it houses an unparalleled collection of artifacts that narrate the grandeur and opulence of the Russian Empire.

The museum's collection boasts an array of exquisite gold and silver pieces, adorned with intricate designs and precious stones. Among them are the priceless Fabergé Eggs, symbols of imperial extravagance. Visitors can marvel at the collection of ceremonial weapons and armor, showcasing the craftsmanship of renowned Russian artisans.

The Armoury Museum also preserves the Russian state regalia, including crowns, scepters, and orbs. These magnificent objects, once symbols of imperial power, now serve as testaments to the rich heritage of the Russian monarchy.

Beyond its opulent treasures, the Armoury Museum offers a glimpse into the lives of the Russian Tsars. Visitors can admire the intricate royal carriages, adorned with gold thread and precious stones, and marvel at the elaborate ceremonial harnesses and saddles used by the imperial court.

The museum's collection extends to Western European artifacts, including fine porcelain from the Sèvres factory and a remarkable collection of 16th and 17th-century English silver. These pieces provide a fascinating contrast to the distinctly Russian treasures, showcasing the cultural exchange and artistic influences that shaped the Russian Empire.

A visit to the Armoury Museum is an immersive journey into the heart of Russian history and culture. Its unique collection offers a captivating glimpse into the grandeur, artistry, and legacy of the Russian Empire, making it a must-see destination for anyone seeking an in-depth understanding of this iconic landmark.

Armoury Museum

The Ivan the Great Bell Tower, a majestic architectural marvel within the Moscow Kremlin, stands as the tallest structure within its hallowed grounds. Built in the early 16th century, this iconic tower served as the central bell tower for the Kremlin's cathedrals, including the Uspenskiy Cathedral, the Cathedral of the Archangel, and the Blagoveshenskiy Cathedral.

Ascend the 137 steps to the tower's summit and be rewarded with breathtaking panoramic views of the Kremlin and Moscow beyond. From this vantage point, the intricate details of the Kremlin's architectural ensemble unfold before your eyes, revealing the grandeur of its cathedrals, palaces, and fortifications.

The tower's ensemble comprises three distinct elements: the Uspenskaya Zvonnica (Belfry of Assumption), the Ivan the Great Belltower, and the Filaret annex. Each element contributes to the tower's unique architectural character, showcasing the evolution of Russian architecture over the centuries.

Within the tower's walls, an exhibition narrates the architectural history of the Kremlin complex. Through architectural fragments and electronic projections, visitors embark on a journey through time, witnessing the Kremlin's transformation from its humble beginnings to the opulent masterpiece it is today.

The Ivan the Great Bell Tower is not merely a historical monument but a living testament to the artistry and ingenuity of its creators. Its enduring presence symbolizes the resilience of the Russian spirit and the enduring legacy of the Moscow Kremlin.

Ivan the Great Bell Tower

The Moscow Kremlin, an architectural marvel, boasts an awe-inspiring system of fortified walls and towers that have stood as silent guardians for centuries. These formidable structures, built between 1485 and 1495, stretch for over two kilometers, forming an impenetrable barrier around the Kremlin's sacred grounds.

The Kremlin's walls, ranging from 3.5 to 6.5 meters thick, are constructed of sturdy red brick and white limestone. Their imposing height, reaching up to 19 meters, adds to their defensive prowess. Along the walls' length, 1,045 double-horned "teeth" crown the top, providing additional protection and a distinctive aesthetic.

Twenty towers punctuate the walls, each with its own unique design and history. The Troitskaya Tower, the tallest at 80 meters, served as the main entrance for royal processions and military parades. The Spasskaya Tower, adorned with intricate white stone carvings and a massive clock, is perhaps the most iconic, its chimes echoing through Red Square.

Within the walls, secret passages and chambers lie hidden, remnants of the Kremlin's defensive past. The Tainitskaya Tower, the oldest of the towers, conceals a well and a secret passage that once provided a lifeline during sieges. The Kutafya Tower, with its unusual shape and portcullis, protected the entrance to the Troitskaya Tower.

The Kremlin's walls and towers have witnessed countless historical events, from grand coronations to bloody battles. They have endured sieges, fires, and the passage of time, emerging as enduring symbols of Russian power and resilience. Today, they stand as a testament to the architectural ingenuity and defensive prowess of a bygone era, inviting visitors to explore their secrets and marvel at their grandeur.

The Moscow Kremlin

Did You Know?

Tourist Attraction

Tower Count

Tallest Tower

Most Recognizable Tower

Highlights from Reviews

Location